Plumbagin Extraction: A Green Study

A green study was undertaken for the extraction of plumbagin, an important natural naphthoquinone, from roots Plumbago pulchella Boiss. In first stage, four solvents were comparatively evaluated, acetone, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol; attending Principle #5, only (ethyl acetate acetone) underscored. a second step, considering # 6, various alternative activating modes assessed: two electromagnetic methods, microwave (MW) near-infrared (NIR), in addition to mechanical approaches, ultrasound (US), tribochemistry-mechanochemistry (TB-MCh). These studied comparison classical mantle heating (MH) finally with maceration (M). MW US-MH ensued better modes, EtOAc (green) n-hexane (non-green) displayed best yields (0.027% 0.025%, respectively). Focusing on #11, monitoring quantification extractions performed by GC-MS employing 8-hydroxyquinoline as reference. Some other involved Principles (#1, #3, #7, #12) will be commented discussion. As complement, statistical technique based analysis variance (ANOVA) response surface methodology used establish degree dependence amount plumbagin extracted parameters time root, validation process carried out according ICH Q2 R2 2022 guidelines. Finally, it is convenient highlight that target plant native Mexico, profound literature search, no chemical information Boiss accessible.